It should come as no surprise that in Brazil, as in most historically so-called “underdeveloped” countries, the question of cultural memory and access to history as dictated by the archive is far more precarious than one approaching the subject from the relative wealth of the United States or Europe. There are far more gaps, erasures, and interstices for pieces of Brazilian culture to fall into with a much higher frequency, which is a condition both of political determination and physical incapability. On this second factor, one need only be pointed to the fact that Atlântida Cinematográfica — the Brazilian film studio responsible for the majority of chanchada films—had to burn its nitrate prints from the golden era of the 40s and 50s after new safety film copies were made, for fear of the entire studio burning down due to the combination of nitrate film and tropical heat. Therefore, for a Brazilian archivist — or their counterpart on the side of production, the found footage filmmaker —the task of even taking the first steps toward the gathering of documents for their work is an arduous one sure to be met with many frustrations, barring a situation where one’s subject has an exceptionally well-kept estate.
Thus Brazilian cultural workers find their labor to be determined under the sign of fragmentation, and we find the most compelling work to be that which wears this mark as one of pride and uses its form to reflect its material inconsistencies. Carlos Adriano has worked with Brazil’s cinematic archives for over twenty years, creating films that both preserve and project the gaps and other forms of lack that he encounters when faced with the heretofore undocumented sections of Brazil’s past.

Cinelimite: Can you describe how you originally came upon the figure of Vassourinha? As a found-footage filmmaker, were you actively searching for a new topic to explore, or did Vassourinha come into your life in a more unexpected way?
Carlos Adriano: One can say that, until my feature documentary Santos Dumont: pré-cineasta? (2010), those of my films which deal with found footage or archive material share a common and essential mark: they are all about unknown, forgotten or lost subjects of Brazilian culture (and their remaining materials). For example: Remainiscences (1994-1997) is about the supposed first film footage of Brazil (registered in 1897); Militancy (2001-2002) is about the magic lantern by photographer Militão Augusto de Azevedo; Porviroscope (2004-2006) is about the only film made by writer Monteiro Lobato (as well as the only audio recording of his voice); From the Ruins to the Rexistance (2004-2007) is about the unfinished films by poet Décio Pignatari; Santoscope = Dumontage (2007-2009) is about a mutoscope film (1901) featuring Brazilian inventor and aviator Santos Dumont. So Vassourinha is a coherent subject, from a “retrospective” perspective. Personally, I was very fond of him as an original singer, one who takes part in a “low-key” tradition which includes Orlando Silva (in his first phase), Mário Reis, Roberto Silva and João Gilberto. This tradition would commonly feature a kind of singing close to the spoken words, a “canto falado” ("spoken song"). I had Vassourinha’s record long before the idea of making the film. In a way, the film is a sort of fan’s tribute. Besides, the tragedy of Vassourinha’s life—that of dying at the young age of 19 from a rare disease—is a matter relating to another axis of my film work (mortality, death, and life). Also, the extreme rarity of the subject—an artist about whom very little information and documentation was left—was an interest as well. Vassourinha came into my life as unexpectedly as all good fortunes, by a loving chance.
CL: Upon learning more about Vassourinha, and deciding to make a film about him, how did you begin the process of putting together the immense number of photographs, sounds, newspaper clippings, music sheets and even financial records that can be found within A Voz e o Vazio: A Vez de Vassourinha? Were these records presented to you within a single archive or did you undergo a long research process throughout numerous places to track this material down? Take us through what this collection process was like.
CA: The great starting point is encapsulated in the loop I edited from the two words of the Emília song at the beginning of the film: “Ninguém sabe, ninguém sabe, ninguém sabe…” (“Nobody knows…”). I started with almost nothing, only a few clips and clues. After an extensive (and intense) inquiry—somewhere between archaeology and detective work—I and Bernardo Vorobow (co-producer and my life long companion)1 conducted research across every possible source, until we got two personal albums of news clippings gathered by Vassourinha himself. One of them was given to me generously by Alberto Helena Junior, a big fan and high scholar of Vassourinha; the other album I got from what remained of the singer’s family: a foster brother. All six 78 rpm records recorded by Vassourinha which were used in the film for shooting and recording (all sound in the film came from those discs) belong to the Miécio Caffé private collection.2 The Miécio Caffé collection was at that time deposited at Museu da Imagem e do Som (São Paulo). I was fortunate to meet Raul Duarte in person, the radio producer/director who hired Vassourinha to sing for Radio Record, and to talk to a doctor who treated Vassourinha during his last hospitalization. The very path of the research process dictated the film’s structure: a huge amount of information about someone whom people knew almost nothing about. Shards, specters, remains – the matter life is composed of. The collection process is, in a way, metaphorized in the end sequence at the cemetery: the search for his grave was like the search for his life-work information.

CL: Do you think that cultural exchange between two or more countries could incite the Brazilian government to realize the value of their own national works? Do you think a major initiative abroad, manifested in large retrospectives or more prestigious awards being given to Brazilian films, that these could be the catalyst to make the government in Brazil finally realize that they need to fund the Cinemateca Brasileira and that they need to finally support the film industry and its cultural workers in a respectful and supportive way?
CA: I think that this sense of witnessing a “re-birth” or a “re-defining” of a forgotten icon is natural, as one of the film’s purposes is to make Vassourinha alive again, “simply” as it is. As the film is a gesture of love (a labor of life, a labor of love), this feeling comes forward from the screen and toward the face of the viewer/listener. Maybe it is not so accurate to say that Vassourinha is unknown, because during his time he was very famous. He fell into oblivion afterwards, after his death, aftermath. In Portuguese, the word "olvido" (oblivion) is akin to "ouvido" (ear), and this is a password I tried to work formally, as a way of aesthetic operation: representing the limits between forgetfulness and the rescuing of this forgetfulness through the act of hearing this artist's voice. But his voice fell into a void; so I felt that my “mission” (in terms of my respect to this human being and his art) was to pay the highest tribute: to create a true dialogue. I was fortunate enough to be able to gather that huge amount of historical documentation about somebody who “nobody knew anything about”. The film works around the limits of legibility, the border between reading and understanding. And it was exactly this contradiction — the fact that there existed plenty of documents about an elusive figure — which sutured together and fortified strength of the film. The fact that “these documents do not even appear on the screen for a long enough period of time for the viewer to fully read them” was an operational choice I made in order to “translate” the sign and the myth of Vassourinha. The best testimony I would be able to provide (besides the best and most sincere tribute to Vassourinha’s art) was to “let these historical materials do the talking themselves” – but articulated by proper tools of the cinematic medium, as far as its power to construct (and deconstruct) associations by the means of cinema’s supreme muse of montage (“editing” would be a word that does not give justice to the work itself). My humble task was of a [Walter] Benjaminian nature: to gather this bag of rags and suggest a coherent constellation.
CL: Of the five films you have made which deal with forgotten cultural histories of Brazil, this is the only one that deals exclusively with a musician. How did the work of sifting through the archives of a sambista differ from those of your films which focus on cinematic history? Or is there a reoccurring methodology in your approach towards bringing archival materials into re-existence?
CA: I am not quite sure if there is any difference – from my point of view of the filmmaking-operation – between working upon an archive of a sambista and working upon the archive an artist of a different medium (literature, photography, caricature). Because film is “mine”, my operational mode of work; when I work on an artist’s oeuvre, I try to understand and translate their bare essentials to my vocabulary (my personal film language), to be in tune to their artistic mood. As you can read in one of the news clips, Vassourinha performed “De Babado”, a song written by Noel Rosa and João Mina, and recorded by Noel Rosa e Marília Batista in 1936. This record appears in a sequence of Santoscope = Dumontage – and of course I bear in mind that connection. The first record album (33 rpm) released with all the six sambas recorded by Vassourinha in the late 60s had its cover designed by Miécio Caffé, a famous (but also fallen into oblivion) caricaturist and music collector and tons of Brazilians singers came to browse the private collection of old 78 rpm records of Miécio to research and study. To cite just two: Chico Buarque and João Gilberto — the legendary re-interpretations of Brazilian sambas by João Gilberto would not be possible without the collection of Miécio Caffé. In 2003, I made the film A Caffé with Miécio and for that film Caetano Veloso made a new recording of a lesser-known samba, “A Voz do Povo”, originally composed by Malfitano and Frasão and recorded by Orlando Silva in 1941. Veloso called the samba a manifesto for my cinema work. Yes, there is a reoccurring methodology in my approach towards bringing archival materials into re-existance, to quote the title of my film about Pignatari’s unfinished films – note that I imply a play between « existence » and « resistance », which configure a key pair into play.
We need to try to provide access to Brazilian cinema in the best way possible, because people need to know that these treasures exist. If they can’t have this basic access, the films will become ignored and lose their value to the public. We must prevent this and make a complete 180 degree turn in policy when it comes to access.
CL: The history of cultural archives in Brazil is filled with stories of loss, tragedy, and neglect. However, one could also view this story as an occasional tale of triumph, as the will of a few individuals succeeded in preserving Brazilian cultural memory up until this day. Their efforts have allowed us to glean new ideas from historical works of Brazilian art in our present moment.
As a found-footage filmmaker, many of your works deal with the forgotten cultural memories of Brazil’s past. Can you speak to how the history and past efforts of Brazilian cultural preservation has impacted your work? Why, in your mind, have such important figures such as Vassourinha been (previously) forgotten?
CA: There is a trajectory of academic research in my life. I graduated from film school of Escola de Comunicações e Artes da USP – University of São Paulo (ECA-USP). I have my master degree and my PhD (2008) at the same USP, both advised by Prof. Ismail Xavier. Besides this, I did two Post Doctorals, one in the Arts (at Pontifical Catholic University – PUC-SP, 2014) supervised by Prof. Arlindo Machado, and one in Film (at USP, 2017) supervised by Prof. Cristian Borges. For my PhD and my Post-Doctoral at PUC-SP I had fellowships from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) and for my Post-Doctoral at USP I had a fellowship from CAPES. That long and boring CV quote is just meant to show how serious I take scholarly research and how, throughout my life, spheres of study and archiving informed my trajectory. I have also worked at the Cinemateca Brasileira from 1986 to 1999.
Perhaps I could reply to your first question with an example from a case study. My PhD research (which made the way for the production of two films about Santos Dumont) was based on an unknown object of the Santos Dumont Collection of Museu Paulista da USP (aka Museu do Ipiranga). It was an unidentified object in terms of year and origin of production, its technical nature, and even its attributed name was wrong and misleading – but it was there, in the archive. After taking a research path alike the one pursued in Vassourinha’s, I identified that it was a mutoscope hub, produced in 1901 by the British branch of American Mutoscope & Biograph Company, probably shot by William K.L. Dickson, and subsequently tracked its archival history. The last sentence of your question requires too large of an explanation, so I would hazard a risk of saying in short that I think Brazil historically has a consistent tradition of treating badly and worst its best sons and daughters, mainly in the realm of culture.
CL: In Vassourinha, there are moments in which the soundtrack starts and stops, as if a 78 rpm record is skipping. This is often accompanied on the image track by a flicker effect. Knowing your affinities to other found footage filmmakers such as Ken Jacobs, how do you see this flicker effect operating in relation to its use in other global contexts, and is there something about the Brazilian archive, and the life of Vassourinha, that drove you to use said effect
CA: I could only talk about my personal use of the flicker (which is, of course, rooted in a tradition of avant-garde film), a feature that I use a lot in my films. In Santoscope = Dumontage, the flicker is a structural-film device extracted from the mutoscope apparatus itself that hosted the original 1901 film about Santos Dumont which I worked on. In the case of Vassourinha, the flicker has a role a little bit analogous to the one I used in Remainiscences: in the sense of gaps, lapses, missing links, lost abysses, the void. But in Vassourinha there is a surplus: the flicker as an instance of consciousness, as a moment when the shutter quickly obliterates the image to make it resonate in time; so the flicker is a constituent element of the fabric tissue of Vassourinha's history (which has been torn to pieces), but it is also a device for understanding this history. There is even a formal rhyme with the condition of his Blackness, in the sense of what is concealed or erased. It is as if the flicker was a correspondent to Walter Benjamin's “dialectical image”, that brief and elusive moment when associations sparkle beyond historical time. I really like the Benjaminian notion of history, both as waste and ruins and as the viewpoint of the losers. Naturally, in a peripheral country like Brazil — which has always abused its institutions tasked with the preservation of its cultural memory, and which has a long and dark past of erasing and repressing its figures(rooted in its history with slavery) — the flicker reaches an profound allegorical power (and I use this term as Ismail Xavier so well defined it in his seminal book Allegories of Underdevelopment) in a way, far beyond the formal flicker wonders of Peter Kubelka, Ken Jacobs, Tony Conrad and others.
CL: A Voz e o Vazio: A Vez de Vassourinha, in addition to being a work of art invested in the gesture of resurrection, also serves, even unprojected as a roll of celluloid, as a veritable repository of images and documentation relating to Vassourinha – an archive in itself. What do you make of this and how do you feel the historical material transforms when it passes from one medium to another?
CA: Definitely, Vassourinha film is an analog piece of art – it was thought and made as a 35mm film. And I treasure most the concept of “infinite film” by Hollis Frampton, in his meta-history essay, which I “translated” in my PhD thesis to the domain of found footage. My PhD piece has not been published as a book yet, but you can browse it at the University of São Paulo’s thesis database and I published an essay based on it in the journal Anais do Museu Paulista. I took all the documents of Vassourinha I could find and gathered them as “frames” of an infinity film – all materials are matter of film poetry. I regret that you are not able to screen the film in its original format of 35mm. I made some disruptive turns with the celluloid that are only fully accomplished in film form. The “resurrection” you mention is taken in (and made by means of) the celluloid itself. Besides the flickering, I used veils, those mysterious frames which are not properly exposed in the camera shutter. Except for the final sequence, shot on location in the set of the cemetery where Vassourinha is buried, the film was shot with an Oxberry animation machine. One of the highest praises of which I am most proud is about my style of editing: even when editing in a digital suite, my work is tributary to the moviola. In the sense of passing from the medium of history to the medium of film, I would say that the transformation occurs in the realm of poetry. I take the word here to mean poetics, the method of structure, a matter of form, a way of shaping materials and thoughts. And I would say that historians like Walter Benjamin, Aby Warburg and Hayden White have contributed to let the document free, to be reappropriated by the artists.
CL: Important Brazilian Cinema historians such as Vicente de Paula Araújo (A Bela Época do Cinema Brasileiro, 1976), Alex Viany (Introdução ao Cinema Brasileiro, 1959), and Paulo Emilio Salles Gomes (Cinema: Trajetória no Subdesenvolvimento, written in the 60s, but first published in 1986) were forced to search for fragments of the past and to uncover footnotes of history in order to paint a picture of bygone cinematic eras for then-present and future generations. To what extent does a work such as Vassourinha follow within that trajectory of historical research, and how in your mind does it deviate from it?
CA: To work with fragments – with the remains, with the small details at the bottom of the page – is an attitude professed by the École dos Annales and historians like Benjamin and Warburg. The film historians you mentioned worked from a peripheral point of view, where issues of underdevelopment were very present in Brazil, and they were informed by the delayed experience of modernity in Brazil. They definitely conjured up a key body of work and provided references for anybody else interested in the adventure of investigating the Brazilian film past. I think Vassourinha is part of this tradition you mentioned in the sense of a deep research on profoundly national roots, as if the issue of national identity was a crucial and defining issue, and a kind of adhesion to popular subjects in the way defended by Brazilian Modernism (Mário de Andrade, Oswald de Andrade). The elements from popular culture were taken as a password for a revelation of Brazil to Brazilians themselves. As far as Paula Araújo is concerned, my research method is somewhat like his, sharing the deep dive into the primary sources of reference materials. As far as Paulo Emílio is concerned, my mind operates within the same framework as his: a sort of sociological inquiry about the human fact. I think that Vassourinha deviates from this tradition insofar as it radically assumes a notion of a poetic metahistory, in the sense that it is not obliged to clarify nor conclude anything as far as a national project is defined in terms of teleology and a big synthesis. I treasure the gaps, the lapses, the mysterious inconclusiveness; the serious research does not serve to any sort of “redemption” of our pride – the works and the artists compose a moving (in-motion; emotional) constellation.
CL: In your essay “Found Footage and Magnetization of Affection” you bring forth from Hollis Frampton’s concept of “Infinite Cinema” the ideal of an “Infinite Archive”. The concept stems from cinema’s relationship to the digital age, and the endless ability to “digitally recycle cinema’s beginnings”. Elsewhere, referring to Aby Warburg and Georges Didi-Huberman’s notion of the Leitfossil, you claim that “In my wonder-room, there is no such thing as a dead archive; just living archives, asleep in their forms”.
Both the notion of an “Infinite Archive” and the denial of a dead archive seem to disregard, at first glance, the seemingly finite state of archiving that has approached Brazil’s institutions for decades now. However, at a second glance, one might realize that you’re not denying the reality that there are ends within the archive, but you’re expanding on the ways in which those ends can be used within the digital age – The footage can be reproduced infinitively in an array of shapes, forms, and expressions.
Can you comment on this interpretation of your ideas? And how can the notion of “Infinite Archive” be looked at under the particular guise of the Brazilian archival situation?
CA: In my PhD thesis and in subsequent articles published in academic journals, I transferred (and transformed) Frampton’s notion to the domain of found footage. I think it is an original contribution to film studies, this conceptual montage that I do between Benjamin, Frampton and Warburg (among many other theoretical, cultural and historical notions). Moving into the geographical and socio-political-economic context of a country like Brazil would require an effort and an extension of argument that I am not capable of in the brief context of this interview. Evidently, at a first glance, the economic difficulties themselves bring other parameters to the question: how to think about the survival of images (as depositories of national memory) if the very survival of the archive (as an institution of that duty) is plagued by risks to its material contingency? On the other hand, the Brazilian condition has unique and original characteristics that distinguish it from other countries: our colonial formation, our peripheral situation, our conservative modernity, our outrageous social inequality, and the artistic and intellectual strength of several generations that have responded to these challenges. We must be reminded that film celluloid is made also of organic material, therefore subject to decay, just as we are. We must bear in mind that what survived until our time of Sappho’s poems are just fragments of her verses, and the beauty of her poetry is in part the beauty of this quality of scarcity. Paradoxically, I would imagine that the very notion of “infinite archive”, when applied to Brazil, would imply a finite cinema, the very finitude of cinema, its material and intrinsic fragility, its “human” condition.
CL: As you well know, Brazil’s most important film archive, the Cinemateca Brasileira, is now going through a new crisis in which its entire collection is at risk of being destroyed. The current moment evokes in our minds a Twilight Zone-esque episode in which a found footage filmmaker wakes up to learn that there is no longer any found-footage to be found. While your work has certainly featured found footage that has been sourced beyond the walls of an archival institution, one cannot deny that these institutions are repositories for cultural works that still remain hidden from the public eye. Firstly, can you comment on the long-standing neglect of the Brazilian government to properly invest in preserving Brazilian cultural memory? Lastly, can you comment on what this potentially dystopic scenario evokes for you in relation to your body of work, aspiring found footage filmmakers, and the future of found footage filmmaking in Brazil?
CA: We are currently living under dark and terrible times in Brazil, and many public institutions related to culture (and education) are under threat, at different levels, degrees and circumstances, such as Casa de Rui Barbosa and Cinemateca Brasileira. The latter is our most recognized film archive but there are others, smaller ones, spread across cities in the country, two of which are particularly deserving of our attention and respect, possessing great collections and doing notable, good research work: Cinemateca do MAM (Modern Art Museum) and Arquivo Nacional (both in Rio de Janeiro). In the case of the Cinematic Brasileira, as well as these other archives, there is a problem that has been going on for years and it is a complex issue – what is happening now is of great urgency, because it affects basic issues of maintenance of the archive itself (in addition to the salaries of the technical staff, the current crisis affects services of electrical supply, which threats refrigeration and security). The tragedy of the fire at the Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro) in 2018 is as a metaphor for the lack of public commitment to national memory and heritage: the neglect turns memory into ashes. The pathetic episode of Brazilian Government (literally) taking the Cinemateca’s keys, along with that of the Museu Nacional’s fire, is a powerful symbolic image in itself. Of course, as a found-footage filmmaker I have an engagement with film archiving and I think it was not a sheer coincidence that I was commissioned to make the official film of the celebration of Paulo Emílio Salles Gomes’ centenary (A Very Personal Celebration, 2016). Personally, I have always worked with shards, leftovers, remains, incomplete fragments; lost, neglected and forgotten materials. Therefore, I am used to working in scarcity and poverty. I always keep in mind the adage that "it can always be worse", which may not ease many anxieties about the future. Horace’s “carpe diem” verses help us to face our weaknesses and uncertainties, which are much bigger now with the COVID-19 crisis.
CL: Part of the astonishment in watching Vassourinha is the fact that it is so rare to see works unveiled from the archive that highlights the lives on important Black artists from the past. In a way, the film projects the role that archives should be fulling in modern-day society – that is, beyond just preserving materials, recovering and presenting heretofore repressed existences and narratives. In your mind, why did it take nearly a century for the world to be able to rediscover Vassourinha in your film? And as you yourself have worked as an archivist in the past, what do you think future archivists can learn from the film? What really is most important to save for future generations?
CA: For me it is far hard to say “why [it took] nearly a century for the world to be able to rediscover Vassourinha”… It would be tempting, and it would be a fallacy as well, to say that Vassourinha was looking forward to meet me, his art & craft was waiting for my gesture…I don’t know why it took so much time… One can think of social reasons, as he was a black boy from a poor family and he didn’t have enough time to build a fame which would endure. On the other hand, we have lots of cases of great artists in different artistic areas who were forgotten. [Found footage filmmaking is] a very personal (verging on crazily idiosyncratic) way to deal with historical artifacts, a creative form to work on history, not only in terms of salvaging the remains but to bring them back to life and to keep them alive. History serving to vibrate Vassourinha’s story. I consider myself a very materialist film maker, in the sense that I treasure most the rare and bare materials that history is made of. I think one can feel in a very palpable way a sensual materiality that my films place onto the screen. Besides the very materials themselves (the “remains”), I think it is most important as well to preserve the flavor of time – the zeitgeist – in which one lives. And that is an order of alchemy: remember Duchamp’s work “Air of Paris”. In fact, as a communist filmmaker, what would be really “most important to save for future generations” is life itself – the lives of so many artists (and thinkers) who inspire us and make us thrive. But that is far from utopia; to try to defeat death… As André Bazin put it, cinema holds a mummy complex.
CL: Lastly, since the release of A Voz e o Vazio: A Vez de Vassourinha there has been a new resurgence of interest in Vassourinha’s life. Numerous famous musicians have covered his songs and there are rumors that a feature length film about his life is in the works. Do you view any of this as part of the legacy and impact that your film had? Relatedly, what do you think the likelihood is that there are hundreds of other potential Vassourinhas repressed within the archives: inimitable, historical, and most commonly Black marginalized talents whose legacies have never reached the people of Brazil beyond their time?
CA: As the most humble and the most modest man I am, I should acknowledge that my film definitely and surely had an impact of “bringing” Vassourinha “back to life”. I would hate to look pretentious, but it is a fact: I did contribute to make Vassourinha more well-known and more appreciated. My film went on front covers of the two main newspapers in São Paulo (first page of cultural supplements) which are the main ones in Brazil. I would not compare myself to the status some give Ezra Pound, as being the re-inventor of Provençal to modern times, a poet who embraces a work of translation and criticism; but it is almost that…in a way, I did “invent” Vassourinha for contemporary times, and I am proud that it was made within an avant-garde mode of film. After my film was released, Caetano Veloso (who had already known my films at that time) approached me about a project proposed by Paula Lavigne (his wife and manager) of re-releasing Vassourinha’s original records along with a set of Caetano and Chico Buarque performing new versions of Vassourinha’s repertoire. My film was to be a key piece in that project, in concerts and in a possible DVD release along with the CD; unfortunately that did not go further for some reason, maybe because a label decided instead to hastily release Vassourinha’s songs. Surely there are “other potential Vassourinhas repressed within the archives”: during my research for making the Vassourinha film, I myself found a kind of female Vassourinha almost in the same style–straw hat, syncopated samba–not so famous at her time like Vassourinha, performing from the mid-1930s to the mid-1940s, then completely forgotten by the public. I could find only six 78rpm recordings of her chant-voice (half of Vassoruinha’s entire discography). I would love to make a film about her, but 22 years have already passed by and I have not made it yet…a companion to Vassourinha, in fashion and musical style, her voice has remained indeed lost to a deeper void.

1. Bernardo Vorobow (1946-2009), in addition to being Adriano’s partner until his death in 2009, served as director and programmer of the Society of Cinematheque Friends (Sociedade Amigos da Cinemateca, 1970–75); the film coordinator and programmer at the Museum of Contemporary Art at the University of São Paulo (Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo, 1972–76); founder, director, and programmer of the Film Department at the Museum of Image and Sound (Museu da Imagem e do Som, São Paulo, 1975–85); as well as founder, director, and programmer of the Diffusion and Program Department of the Brazilian Cinematheque (Cinemateca Brasileira, 1982–99), then programmer until 2009.
2. Miécio Caffé would be the subject of Adriano’s 2003 film A Caffé with Miécio.




