This past September, the staff of Cinelimite had the opportunity to conduct an interview with the Workers of the Cinemateca Brasileira (Trabalhadores da Cinemateca Brasileira) , the collective representing the archivists and staff of Brazil’s largest film archive, who have been fighting for nearly an entire year for the survival of this vital institution. Our goal with this interview was to hear about the numerous issues facing the Cinemateca Brasileira and the field of audiovisual preservation in Brazil directly from workers of the archive themselves. In honor of World Audiovisual Heritage Day, we present an interview with some of the bravest archive workers in the world today.

Cinelimite: How have you perceived the reaction to the crisis of the Cinemateca Brasileira from the international film community? What do we need to know right now to stay up to date with what is happening at the Cinemateca Brasileira?
Trabalhadores da Cinemateca Brasileira: Firstly, we want to thank everyone who contributed to our crowdfunding campaign and everyone who has been spreading the news about the crisis of the Cinemateca Brasileira. This response from global communities motivated the Cinemateca workers’ collective to write about what was happening at the CB on social media. The Cinemateca’s technical staff is a group of people with different opinions and different employment relationships — in addition to the forty-one workers who were formally on strike, there were eleven service providers — so the feedback we got was important as it emphasized the problem of unpaid wages and the value of the technical work that we provide for the institution. This work itself is a result of public investments, of years of development of methodologies and workflow, therefore it is also a valuable asset for the institution. Right now, our demands have to be made to the Special Secretariat of Culture and the National Audiovisual Secretariat so they can come up with a solution for the crisis the Cinemateca Brasileira faces. However, this solution must account for the current technical staff, the outsourced workers and present a plan as to how the institution can hire and train new workers.
The government’s emergency solution to the crisis was to hire security and firefighter staff. However, at the moment there are no technical staff at the institution, and most of the outsourced workers did not have their contracts renewed. This situation is worrisome. Power outages have happened in that region of the city,1 and the vaults need constant monitoring by technical staff to ensure that the collection is properly preserved. Without these necessary maintenance, the archive is vulnerable to numerous mishaps.
CL: The Cinemateca Brasileira has been through several crises in the past. Would you say that the current situation has been the most harmful to the institution in its history?
TCB: Yes. For the first time in its 70-year history, there are no technical staff working at the Cinemateca and there is no guarantee that the archive will continue its operations. What has never been more explicit is the negligence of public authorities, and their unwillingness to take action to solve the problems the institution is facing.
CL: The crisis at the Cinemateca Brasileira did not happen overnight, as there have been several slow changes that have begun to impact the institution in recent years. Can you discuss some of the ways that working conditions have changed since the beginning of the Bolsonaro administration?
TCB: Generally speaking, the working conditions at the Cinemateca Brasileira reflect the same mistreatment dispensed by the federal government towards every institution that operates within the cultural sector. At the very beginning of their term, the Bolsonaro administration extinguished the Ministry of Culture, under which the Cinemateca was directly subordinate since being incorporated into the federal government.2 All activities previously linked to the Ministry of Culture were transferred via the Special Secretariat of Culture to the Ministry of Citizenship.
In November 2019, after three consecutive secretaries of culture had vacated their position, the control over the Cinemateca was set to be transferred to the Ministry of Tourism, but this only ended up occurring in June 2020. Among past secretaries of culture, theater director Roberto Alvim was replaced after quoting a speech of Nazi politician Joseph Goebbels, while actress Regina Duarte posted a video on social media after leaving the position where she claimed she was going to be named the next head of the Cinemateca Brasileira, which did not happen. This panorama of the Secretariat of Culture illustrates the uncertainty with which cultural policies have been dealt with by the Bolsonaro administration, and as a result of these policies, the Cinemateca has obviously been negatively affected.
The federal government is made up of functionaries with numerous ideological biases, such as those clearly displayed by ex-minister of education Abraham Weintraub. Weintraub decided unilaterally, in 2019, not to renew the contract with the social organization that managed the Cinemateca Brasileira, Acerp, leaving its employees unsure if work at the institution would continue. It was only in June 2020, following two months without salary, once the workers began protesting, and after actress Regina Duarte appointed herself for “a gig at the Cinemateca”, that the government began to take action regarding the management of the institution. This means that from January (when the contract with Acerp had already been terminated) to June the federal government did nothing, either institutionally or financially, about the management of the Cinemateca.
CL: Are there any expectations among you that there will soon be action by the government towards resolving this crisis?
TCB: In February 2020, a flood damaged part of the archive in one of the Cinemateca Brasileira’s facilities. This damage was dealt with by the workers who were hired by Acerp and outsourced. The government didn’t take any action nor send financial support. Without Acerp and the workers who carried on with their functions at the Cinemateca in 2020, the archive would literally still be in the mud.
The lack of governmental support, the unpaid salaries, the lay-offs, and our need to find new means of survival during a pandemic has been very demotivating to us. But we are trying to continue fighting for a solution to the crisis because the Cinemateca Brasileira preserves the priceless heritage of the Brazilian people. It cannot be lost in the same manner that the Museu Nacional was.3 What happened to the Museu Nacional should serve as a warning to the government of what can occur if they neglect the maintenance of their archives.
While the political situation is unfavorable, there are politicians who care for our cause. The federal government has begun to show that they are trying to understand the needs of the Cinemateca Brasileira since we handed over the keys to them during their visit to the institution on August 7th. Because of that, we hope that we can help the institution transition to new workers (in the event that new workers are hired). There are many good reasons for those in charge to bring back all of the laid-off employees. The Cinemateca Brasileira will not be able to fulfill its mission as a safeguard of national heritage without the specialized staff whose technical knowledge was specifically developed while working there. It is because these workers have spent so many years developing this knowledge that they have become vital to the institution’s operations. In order to keep the archive safe from even further damage than what it already has endured this past year, the government must be open to a solution that takes the current staff into account so that we can instruct the incoming staff properly, which wasn’t possible due to the political and administrative chaos that had been taking place over the past months.
CL: Before the interruption of work at the Cinemateca Brasileira, what were some of the upcoming activities and projects that were slated to take place at the archive?
TCB: Part of the staff had been working on projects from the previous year. People can learn more about the projects we were working on prior to the work stoppage by checking out the official ACERP management report. When the pandemic arrived, it brought that as well as the work we were doing to recover archival materials from the February 2020 flood to a halt. With our technical staff cut short, everyday tasks quickly became challenging. As of today, all technical analysis of films, the management of the archives, the incorporation and analysis of legal deposit materials, the production of emergency duplicates, and the maintenance of materials hygiene has been halted. In addition, all of the requests to access our archives have been denied, which has led to the interruption of many important future projects.
The pandemic has changed our plans for this year. Even if it isn’t the direct cause of our financial crisis, it has made matters worse since it was and remains impossible to keep working without payment during this difficult time. During our strike, very few employees continued monitoring and maintaining the collections of the archive, and now even less are doing so. After the federal government took the keys of the Cinemateca Brasileira on August 7, 2020, the last employees of the institution left, as well as those linked to Acerp and the cleaning staff. The Acerp workers were fired, which made it impossible for even minimal monitoring and maintenance duties to be continued.
CL: The Cinemateca Brasileira workers organized several public protests, campaigned for collective funding, put up banners around the city of São Paulo, and built a strong social media presence to spread awareness of its cause. Despite all these achievements, what have been your biggest challenges over the last few months? What are the ideals or beliefs that have kept workers united during this difficult period?
TCB: In addition to our unpaid salaries and unsure futures, the lack of transparency or communication from the government has presented a huge challenge for our protest. During the period when our protests began, we were following the decisions and political moves of Acerp and the government the same way as everyone else: through the press. But we remained united in support of one another then, and we continue to strive towards the resolution of the situation at the Cinemateca Brasileira as quickly as possible. Today, we are all contributing in whatever way we can, either through taking action virtually, taking part in the protests in person, or both.


CL: How has the Brazilian film community stood up to the injustices the Cinemateca Brasileira and its workers have endured? And why should all filmmakers be concerned about the future of the Cinemateca Brasileira?
TCB: Audiovisual-related institutions, associations, and movements which support our cause, such as SOS Cinemateca and Cinemateca Acesa, are important as they have helped to spread the word about the emergency situation the Cinemateca and its workers face. Not only are these people helping to alert more people to the cause, but they are also contacting politicians who might help us find a solution to the crisis. It is important that filmmakers follow and support the Cinemateca, whose infrastructure and technical staff not only keep the matrix of their own works safe, but also preserves and exhibits the whole of Brazilian audiovisual productions of the last 120 years, thus providing access and reference for new productions.
CL: Can you talk about the importance of institutions like the Cinemateca in the rediscovery and reevaluation of Brazil’s history? And how do you see providing access to Brazilian history as playing an important role within the contemporary moment?
TCB: Institutions of cultural memory like the Cinemateca Brasileira have to keep up and exhibit their collections so that the public can access the institution’s historical materials. New generations build upon their worldviews by encountering these histories, and these new perspectives become the defining features of a nation. Audiovisual productions are a vital part of that process, and they say a lot about the period in which they were made. We can learn from the cinematic techniques being used, the way language is spoken, and develop new ideas about representation from what has or hasn’t been shown. These elements provide context to our history and allow us in the 21st century to ask questions and introduce new subjects from what we have acquired over our 120+ years of audiovisual production. We can, for instance, understand what has remained and what has changed in our society’s perception of human behavior and fundamental rights.
Brazil has little interest in its own past. We know this because public policies for material and immaterial historical heritage, when they exist, are always susceptible to the interests of the current government. The Cinemateca Brasileira is the victim of operational discontinuities which are not rare among government-funded Brazilian cultural institutions, but now more than ever these discontinuities reveal the lack of public policies for audiovisual preservation. It is important that the population has quality public education and access to information and cultural manifestations, as these are fundamental towards the development of Brazilian society. This cannot or should not be seen as threatening to any government in a democracy.
CL: The Cinemateca Brasileira workers’ movement has made it clear that the preservation of films does not come about through the isolated work of a few individuals, but rather that a whole range of specialized workers is needed to adequately safeguard Brazilian audiovisual history. How does the government’s neglect of the Cinemateca affect the teams of collaborators who ultimately make the preservation of films possible?
TCB: The governmental negligence has affected us in many ways. As previously mentioned, the staff has been without salary for months and all of us, even a lot of the outsourced workers, have been fired. First the pandemic affected many of our long-standing projects, as many on-site activities had to be halted; then the outsourced workers started to retreat due to the lack of payment from the companies that they work for, although some companies even kept working at the Cinemateca despite not getting paid.
Many of our staff have been part of the institution for many years, so when they are away from their work, the very society that invested in their technical skills loses out. As we mentioned before, one can only obtain this kind of knowledge and technique through years of practice, and to lose these workers means to waste years of work and public investment. If skilled workers are abruptly forced to leave the institution, everything has to start again from scratch. This means irreversible damage to the audiovisual heritage, damage to our intellectual and scientific production, damage to our history and damage to the role of our nation in the world.
CL: To preserve films is to combat the natural process of film decay. To preserve the more than 250,000 rolls of films that the Cinemateca Brasileira has, a great professional team is needed. How did the government's carelessness in paying worker’s salaries and maintaining the Cinemateca Brasileira put the entire collection at risk? And what are the specific risks that this collection runs during this moment?
TCB: It is a tremendous work to fight the physical and chemical degradation of film material, and audiovisual preservation is a preventive measure that must remain ongoing. From learning how to delay film degradation, analyzing and separating material in an advanced degradative state, to making new matrices in order to avoid the loss of highly-deteriorated material, the work at an audiovisual archive has to be done by highly qualified professionals. Another vital part of the preservation process is to maintain temperature conditions that are favorable to preservation of the various kinds of material contained in the Cinemateca Brasileira archive. Such conditions are achieved with air-conditioning and dehumidifying devices and these devices are controlled to match the specific conditions of each type of material. Lastly, since a portion of our content is highly flammable, the role of firefighters is fundamental to the Cinemateca Brasileira because they help us avoid the spread of a fire.
The lack of qualified workers in the Cinemateca Brasileira leaves all of the archival materials subject to natural degradation. It is important to highlight that the federal government has not offered any financial support to the Cinemateca during the first six months of 2020. So, the technical staff, the firefighters, the workers who maintain the air-conditioning devices and those who deal with the acquisitions of new material have all been affected. In addition, the strategic work done by the coordinators and directors of the Cinemateca who are responsible for implementing and executing the institution’s preservation and diffusion policies has been affected as well. Not to mention the cleaning and security teams who serve important roles in helping the institution function, as well as those who work in the library, the document collection center, they maintain the online Brazilian film database, the three screening rooms, and digital and video materials, which also need to be preserved under specific conditions.
The Cinemateca staff, civil society, and municipal and state agencies have been working to minimize the impact of the lack of federal support, keeping the temperature devices working as well as providing security and other occasional needs of the archive. Obviously, such individual actions can only accomplish so much given the lack of financial support.
It is no exaggeration to say the collection is at risk. The risk, on one hand, is urgent, as the collection poses a real fire risk if it is not maintained, but on the other hand there is a long term risk in the fact that the audio-visual materials at the Cinemateca Brasileira will degrade naturally if they aren’t given due attention and care by qualified workers. All the work has been totally interrupted with Acerp stepping out and the dismissal of all the workers.

1. The Cinemateca Brasileira is located at Vila Clementino, São Paulo
2. The Cinemateca Brasileira was part of the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) in 1984, and since 1985 it has been part of the Ministry of Culture (MinC).
3. On September 2nd, 2018, there was a large fire at the National Museum of Brazil. It is believed that 92.5% of its archive of 20 million items were destroyed.




