The Rio de Janeiro born conductor Rogério Duprat (1932-2006) wrote his name into the historiography of Brazilian cinema as the one who redefined the role of music in the conception of a film. Although the generation preceding Duprat revealed conductors of the stature of Guerra Peixe, Gabriel Migliori, and Enrico Simonetti, until the assimilation of the neo-avant-gardes by the young filmmakers who emerged at the end of the 1950s, music in Brazilian cinema tended toward sonic commentaries that illustrated the motivation of the dramatic action and, at most, constructed beautiful melodies for the climactic moments of the stories. From Duprat’s generation onward, everything would be different, and film music would come to function as an almost autonomous element in which the dialogue with the image would become more lively and original.
For Duprat, music came almost by chance. The conductor did not intend to go so far in his craft when, in his youth, he amused himself playing the cavaquinho and the harmonica by ear. Later, he had the privilege of studying in Germany with none other than Karlheinz Stockhausen, having Frank Zappa as a classmate. Reconciling modern classical music with the popular legacy characteristic of Brazilian culture, Duprat took part in a very particular group of composers who sought to revolutionize the musical concept from its core to its peripheries. Involving himself with the regional rhythms of Brazil’s Northeast, with canções caipiras, and with Rock n’ Roll, the conductor joined other emerging names, such as Damiano Cozzella and Julio Medaglia, to help write the history of Tropicália, producing masterpieces for Gilberto Gil, Caetano Veloso, Gal Costa, Os Mutantes, Nara Leão, and many others. Blending the experimentation of the young electronic music with arrangements for orchestra and distorted guitars, Rogério Duprat opened paths for progressive sound in the 1970s, in which the singer Walter Franco and the band O Terço stand out. He was also very close to the concrete poets of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. His constant artistic and theoretical reinvention led him to accumulate everything from a beautiful atonal and cathartic arrangement in songs such as “Construção,” by Chico Buarque, to danceable themes during the fever of Disco Music.
But it was in cinema that Rogério Duprat showed the best of his abilities. Although he lent his talent to several directors, it was alongside his first cousin, Walter Hugo Khouri (1929-2003), that the conductor reinvented the possible dialogues between sound and image in film. From the early 1960s to the mid 1980s, he composed around fifteen scores for Khouri, beginning with A ilha (1963) and maintaining the partnership until Amor voraz (1984). Many of these scores are demonstrations of sharp creativity and the courage to dare. In 1973, he wrote a score that drinks directly from the source of Erik Satie’s piano for O último êxtase, but he also abandoned musical linearity and the consecrated instruments when composing the main theme of O desejo (1975), which makes exclusive use of electronic effects taken from synthesizers, in the best style of Gil Mellé. Working with Khouri, Duprat was capable of moving between Gothic atmospheres, as we hear in O anjo da noite (1974), and the anguishing musical commentaries that illustrate the existential pain of the characters in O prisioneiro do sexo (1978). But nothing surpasses the score he wrote for Noite vazia (1964), Walter Hugo Khouri’s greatest classic, and also the most precise of his contributions to the director’s body of work.
Conceived as a meticulous study of vulgarity in the metropolis and of the emptiness of the bourgeois soul, Khouri’s film relied on references such as the painting of Edward Hopper, the existentialism then current in Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, and the cold and incisive aesthetic of Michelangelo Antonioni. To write the score for Noite vazia, Duprat opted for minimalism, dodecaphony, and an inductive synesthesia created from chords spaced by long seconds of silence, performed on the piano. From time to time, this score induces in the spectator an almost unconscious expectation, when the percussive elements of the orchestration strike the cymbals in an almost jazz-like tone, as befits a plot that unfolds in an immense city, full of solitary beings who seek to appease the lack of meaning in bars and in sexual adventures. Even in moments of eroticism and lasciviousness, which Khouri conducts with a visual plasticity rarely seen in Brazilian cinema, Duprat opts for a disturbing sonority, leaving the spectator in the uncomfortable position between a voyeur and an accomplice.
From this experience, and in tune with other young artists of his generation, Duprat gave music a leading role during the renewal of the new cinemas in Brazil. What we saw was an unprecedented relationship between the parts of a film production, in which the music began to dialogue directly with the action and, not infrequently, to complement the effect of the narrative discourse seen on screen. It was the same with other exponents of this period, such as Remo Usai, Sérgio Ricardo, Rogério Duarte, and many others.
In the 1980s, when Duprat’s influence was felt in artists such as Arrigo Barnabé, Itamar Assunção, and Arnaldo Antunes, his health began to show signs of problems that would prove irreversible. First came a progressive and inescapable deafness. Then the first signs of Alzheimer’s. The conductor withdrew to a rural property in Itapecerica da Serra, in São Paulo, and retired. His legacy, however, only grew in value over the decades. After his death, he became a historical and indispensable figure for anyone who wishes to understand the anthropophagic cauldron of art and music during the “anos de chumbo” (leaden years) in Brazil.




